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PROBLEM DISCUSSION Many parts of the world regard fresh vegetables as healthy perishable produce. Words like "it is safe to consume" are widely accepted. What if I told you that many serious diseases emanate from invisible risks in the food supply? Yes, heavy metal contamination is one of those risks. These metals are also called trace elements. Some examples include copper, lead, magnesium, and cadmium. They build up in agricultural soils and get absorbed directly into the c

So what is GLP-1? GLP-1 receptors mimic hormones released after eating to reduce appetite. Originally, it was developed to treat type 2 diabetes but now can also be prescribed for helping people lose weight. Recently, it has featured in the news due to some concerns. In the UK, the demand has increased significantly as more patients meet the eligibility standards. There are debates on the cost on the NHS, long term use and if these drugs should be relied upon. To weigh the fo

How would you feel if you had to constantly monitor your blood sugar everyday, maintain a strict diet, through unpredictable waves of fatigue and numbness? Every year millions of people suffer because of Type 2 diabetes, a chronic condition where the body does not produce enough insulin or resists the effects of insulin to maintain normal glucose levels. This often leads to other health problems and complications in the future such as stroke and heart ache. Most people develo

The first thing most people notice under a dissecting scope is how absurdly small the subject is. A fruit fly larva, barely visible without magnification, pinned open under a stream of saline, its nervous system laid bare beneath a lens built for something a thousand times its size. Few would guess that a disease affecting the human hippocampus has anything to learn from an organism whose entire brain fits on the head of a pin. And yet inside labs like the Mitchell Center for

She cannot tell you what she had for breakfast. She cannot tell you her daughter's name, or recognize the husband sitting across from her. But put on a Patsy Cline record from 1962, and she closes her eyes and mouths every single word. Not some of the words. Every word. This is Alzheimer's most disorienting paradox: a disease that methodically dismantles a person's entire interior world, yet somehow leaves certain rooms untouched. The explanation is neurological, and it refra

Dementia has affected over 55 million people worldwide, and by 2050, that number is predicted to nearly triple. However, this crisis is not shared homogeneously. About 60% of affected dementia patients currently reside in low and middle income countries (LMICs), and that share itself is projected to reach 71% by 2050. Despite carrying the heaviest burden of the affected population, these regions receive the least research attention, the fewest resources, and the least policy

Medicine is no longer confined to the sterile halls of a hospital; it has moved into our living rooms, kitchens, and bedrooms. The transition from in-person care to a hybrid model has been both rapid and cost-effective, maximizing accessibility, reducing unnecessary visits, and making healthcare more convenient. Telemedicine is not merely a digital convenience but a fundamental restructuring of the patient-doctor relationship, prioritizing accessibility without sacrificing cl

For more than a decade, the detection of Alzheimer’s disease almost always arrived too late. By the time someone forgot a name, face, or route to their house, the disease had already been in the works of reshaping their brain for years and sometimes even decades. However, that reality is beginning to change with recent advancements in genetics and biomarker research that have already begun to challenge the boundaries of early detection in Alzheimer’s. But what can we do with

Cancer is one of the most difficult health conditions that have challenged medical professionals for years on end and its strong disruptive nature creates difficulties which are showcased by the popular and conventional treatments like chemotherapy and radiation treatement leaving behind a wide range of harsh side effects, sometimes with limited success rate on some cancers. In a quest for more innovative and targeted forms of treatment, stem cell therapy has made an appearan

Being chronically online, most of us are socially aware about recent trends and news but still fail to appreciate and acknowledge the dynamic changes in the fields that concern the entire humanity—such a celebrated acknowledgement is the 2025 Nobel Prize awarded jointly to Mary E. Brunkow, Frederick J. Ramsdell, and Shimon Sakaguchi "for their discoveries concerning peripheral immune tolerance" in Physiology or Medicine. This can cause a huge shift in the way we see autoimmun

Since approximately 400 BC, there has been records of the Hippocratic oath, with its earliest forms originating between 3-5 BC. It is one of the oldest binding documents in medicine and is known universally through various sources-lately more from pop culture-but we should know much more than just the surface level information, and we should rediscover the true principles of ethics it is based upon. Considerations of the body and mind in relation to health and treatment can

Long before lab tests or X-rays, doctors believed four bodily fluids called the humours controlled your health. If you had a fever, felt sad, or just felt “off”, it was because of your humours, apparently. The idea of the four humours dates back to ancient Greece, around 400 BCE. The father of medicine, Hippocrates, introduced the concept as a way to explain how the body worked. He believed the human body was made up of blood, phlegm, yellow bile, and black bile. Each humor